Membrane bioreactors incorporating hollow fiber membranes have gained traction as a effective technology for various biotechnological applications. These systems present distinct advantages such as {high{surface area-to-volume ratios, efficient mass transfer, and enhanced cell retention. This articl

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors offer a versatile and efficient platform for diverse biotechnological applications. These sophisticated systems leverage the properties of hollow fiber membranes to facilitate superior mass transfer, cellular growth, and product synthesis. This comprehensive review